Baltimore invents red lining
Mortgage lending practices in the 1930s reinforce segregated neighborhoods in Baltimore as red lining makes home ownership by African Americans difficult.
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Civil Rights
Entrepreneur Reginald F. Lewis creates foundation
Baltimore native Reginald Lewis, first African American to build a $1 billion corporation, creates a foundation in 1987. In 2002 it provides major support in creating the Reginald F. Lewis Museum of African American History and Culture.
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Thurgood Marshall wins Brown vs. Board of Education case in 1954
Thurgood Marshall, Maryland’s most famous lawyer, wins Brown vs. Board of Education case, desegregating public schools. Appointed by President Lyndon Johnson as the first African American to the Supreme Court in 1976, Marshall serves 24 years.
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Gloria Richardson negotiates end of Civil Rights demonstrations in Cambridge
Following civil rights demonstrations in 1963, Gloria Richardson becomes the SNCC negotiator with US Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy. They sign the Treaty of Cambridge, ending segregation in schools and housing which is ignored by locals.
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Morgan State students stage first sit-in
Seven Morgan State College students stage the first sit-in at Read’s Drugstore in Baltimore in 1955. It ends peacefully and occurs 5 years prior to more famous Greensboro, NC sit-in.
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Lillie May Carroll Jackson is the mother of the Civil Rights Movement
Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson, Mother of the Civil Rights Movement, with daughter Juanita, begins “Buy Where You Work” Campaign in 1931. She makes the Baltimore branch of the NAACP the largest and most effective.
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John Murphy founds Afro-American newspaper
The Afro-American is the oldest family-owned newspaper in the U.S. Founded in 1892 by John Henry Murphy, born a slave and a Civil War veteran, the newspaper becomes the most successful weekly on the East Coast. It is still run by the Murphy family
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Maryland Lynching Truth and Reconciliation Commission established
Howard Cooper, African American, at 15 in 1885, is among the youngest persons in US to be lynched. He is lynched in front of the old Towson jail. Maryland is first to create a Lynching Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 2019.
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Largest U.S. gathering celebrating passage of 15th Amendment, providing universal right to vote for men
In Baltimore in 1870 the largest national gathering celebrates Congress passing 15th Amendment. The Maryland Assembly does not pass 15th until 1973.
An 1867 constitution reverses the one in 1864, re-infranchising returning Confederates
Governor Thomas Swann oversees the Maryland convention that passes new a constitution in 1867, renewing the franchise for returning Confederate soldiers and sets back the new political gains of newly freed slaves. Maryland refuses to ratify 14th & 15th amendments.
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