Mosaic Pieces
Welcome to the complete Maryland Mosaic.
The Mosaic is not presented chronologically but presents a randomized selection of Mosaic Pieces to spark your interest in a particular event or person. If you would like to have a more ordered chronological overview, use the six fixed time period options on the right of the screen to get a more immediate picture of an historical period. You can also explore by county or by category. Our predefined categories, tags, counties and chronological brackets will help you see links between the Pieces.
The collection has over 140 firsts, including events, people, places, objects, documents or buildings that are unique to Maryland and to the nation. The Mosaic is part of Maryland’s contribution to the U.S. 250th anniversary in 2026. It covers the period from 1776 to the present. You will find at least one Piece for every county and Baltimore City, making this a statewide project.
B&O Railroad begins
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad begins with a cornerstone in Baltimore and an initial trip to Ellicott City in 1827. The train line crosses the Thomas Viaduct, the first large arched and curved stone bridge.
Aruna Miller is the first South Asian woman in the U.S. to serve as a state Lieutenant Governor.
Aruna Miller is the first South Asian woman in the U.S. to serve as a state Lt. Governor.
Anna Ella Carroll advises Lincoln on Civil War strategy
Anna Ella Carroll is the only woman to privately advise Lincoln on Civil War tactics. Her strategy leads to the capture of forts in the Western Campaign, the first major Union victory in Civil War in 1862.
An 1867 constitution reverses the one in 1864, re-infranchising returning Confederates
Governor Thomas Swann oversees the Maryland convention that passes new a constitution in 1867, renewing the franchise for returning Confederate soldiers and sets back the new political gains of newly freed slaves. Maryland refuses to ratify 14th & 15th amendments.
American Visionary Art Musuem
The American Visionary Art Museum opens its doors in 1995. It is unique, the first of its kind, bringing work from untrained artists to the public in a new an engaging way.
America’s first drag queen is born enslaved in Hancock
William Dorsey Swann, born enslaved in Hancock, becomes America’s first drag queen, sponsoring “drag balls” in DC. He is arrested in 1896 and serves 10 months in jail.
Alexander Brown creates first investment bank in U.S.
Alexander Brown (1764-1834), an Irish linen merchant, settles in Baltimore and creates the first investment bank in the United States. In 1808, the company organizes the first nationwide public offering for the Baltimore Water Company.
Alex Haley finds his roots
Alex Haley publishes a popular book, Roots, in 1967 and, with a TV Miniseries, creates a new national interest in enslavement in America. He launches the book from the Annapolis wharf where his ancestor Kunta Kinte was brought in chains 200 years ago.
Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison begins his career in Baltimore
William Lloyd Garrison begins his abolitionist career, writing and coediting the newspaper, The Genius of Universal Emancipation in Baltimore in 1829. He is the most famous white American to devote his life to freeing the slaves. Photo shows Garrison (center) with two other abolitionists, Wendell Phillips and Englishman George Thompson.
Abolitionist Martha Ellicott Tyson publishes first biography of Benjamin Banneker
Quaker abolitionist Martha Ellicott Tyson knew Benjamin Banneker when she was a child. She publishes the biography in 1854.
A Gaithersburg observatory measures the earth’s wobble.
Edwin Smith opens an observatory in 1899 in Gaithersburg to measure the earth’s wobble as part of a six observatory worldwide survey.
A Catholic anti-Vietnam War group burns draft records in Catonsville
The Catonsville Nine, led by Catholic priests, burn draft records to protest the Vietnam War in 1968. Philip Berrigan is second from left, rear row.
A “Mud Machine” dredges Baltimore Harbor
A mud machine driven by horse power dredges Baltimore harbor from 1806 to 1819. Irish immigrants do the hard labor, becoming the early working poor.
“Underground railroad” term coined
Thomas Smallwood coins the expression “underground railroad,” in a newspaper column in 1842. Born a slave in PG county he teams up with Charles Torrey (pictured), a white clergyman, to help over 400 slaves escape through DC.
“Uncle Tom” is based on a Marylander
Josiah Henson, born in Port Tobacco, escapes slavery, leads a community and learns to read and write. He becomes the model for the title character in Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a nationally popular anti-slavery story published in 1852.
The original slave cabin can be seen in Henson Park.
